The Netherlands implements the EU Blue Card under the (recast) EU Blue Card Directive (EU) 2021/1883, administered by the IND as a work-and-residence permit for highly educated migrants employed by a Dutch sponsor.
The Netherlands' national Highly Skilled Migrant (Kennismigrant) scheme is the country's most-used route for knowledge workers, run by the IND (Immigration and Naturalisation Service) as an employer-sponsored, salary-based permit: the migrant does not apply independently — only a company the IND has registered as a …
The Dutch Orientation Year (Zoekjaar) residence permit, issued by the IND, is a self-sponsored bridge permit: a person who has graduated, obtained a doctorate, or carried out research can use it to look for work in the Netherlands without needing an employer or sponsor up front.
The Dutch Self-Employed Person (Zelfstandige) residence permit, issued by the IND, is for people who want to start a business in the Netherlands, or to work as a self-employed artist there — a self-sponsored route with no employer required.
The Dutch Start-up residence permit, issued by the IND, lets a person come to the Netherlands to start an innovative business, referred to by the IND as a 'start-up'.
The Dutch student residence permit is unusual in that the student is not the applicant.
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